The incubation period for Coxsackie virus infection is 2 to 9 days. The clinical manifestations of various Coxsackie virus infections are diverse and can exist as distinct disease entities.
A. Herpangina
This disease is caused by certain group A viruses [2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10]. Fever, sore throat, anorexia, difficulty swallowing, vomiting or abdominal pain have a sudden sunset. The pharynx is usually congestive and characteristic discrete vesicles occur on the anterior teeth of the tendon, tendon, uvula, tonsil or tongue. The disease is self-limiting and is most common among children.
B. Mild disease in summer
Coxsackie virus is usually an isolated patient with an acute febrile illness that occurs in summer or autumn and has no distinct features.
C. Pleurodynia [epidemic myalgia, Boruholm disease]
This disease is caused by a group B virus. Inflammation and chest pain usually occur suddenly in inflammation, but sometimes discomfort, headache and anorexia occur. Chest pain can be located on either side or under the chest and is enhanced by exercise for 2 to 2 weeks. Abdominal pain occurs in about half of the cases, and in children, this may be the main complaint. Although recurrence is common, the disease is self-limiting and recovery is complete.
D. Aseptic meningitis and mild paralysis
The syndrome is caused by all types of Group B coxsackieviruses and Coxsackieviruses A7, A9 and A24. Fever, discomfort, headache, nausea and abdominal pain are common early symptoms. Meningeal irritation, signs of stiff neck and back and vomiting may appear after 1-2 days. The disease sometimes develops into mild muscle weakness, suggesting paralytic polio. Patients almost always recover completely from non-poliovirus paralysis. In the early stages of aseptic meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid showed an increase in cells [up to 500 cells/mcL] and polymorphonuclear neutrophils up to 50%.
E. Neonatal diseases
Neonatal diseases may be caused by group B coxsackie virus, accompanied by lethargy, difficulty feeding, and vomiting with or without fever. In severe cases, myocarditis or pericarditis can occur within the first 8 days of life; a brief episode of diarrhea and anorexia may occur before. The heart and respiratory tract are fatal, or the patient may recover completely. This disease can sometimes be acquitted through the placenta. Myocarditis is also caused by some group A Coxsackie viruses.
F. Cold
Many enteroviruses are associated with the common cold; these include Coxsackieviruses A10, A21, A24 and B3.
G. Hand, foot and mouth disease
The disease is specifically associated with coxsackievirus A16, but also involves A4, A5, A7, A9 and A10. The virus can be recovered only from feces and pharyngeal secretions, or it can be recovered from vesicle fluid. The syndrome is characterized by oral and pharyngeal ulcers and vesicular rashes that may spread to the palms and soles of the arms and legs. The vesicles heal without scab, clinically distinguishing them from the vesicles of herpes and poxviruses. Rare deaths are caused by pneumonia.
H. Cardiomyopathy
The degree of coxsackievirus of group A and echovirus is lower. At autopsy, a viral infection can cause heart disease. The virus may affect the endocardium, pericardium, myocardium or the three. Acute cardiomyopathy has been confirmed to be caused by Coxsackie virus A4, A14, B1-B5, etc., and can also be caused by Ili virus type 9 and type 22. Monkeys infected with Coxsackie B4 develop pancreatitis, and their pathological images are strikingly similar to rheumatic heart disease. In experimental animals, the severity of acute viral cardiomyopathy is greatly increased by strenuous exercise, hydrocortisone, drinking, pregnancy and malnutrition, and is greater in men than in women. In human disease, these factors may only increase the severity of the disease.
I. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Coxsackievirus A24 is one of the drugs that cause this disease.
J. Diabetes Mellitus
Serological studies have shown that sudden onset of diabetes is associated with past infections of Coxsackie virus B4 and other group B members. Experimental studies support the discovery of human diseases; these factors may also increase the severity of the disease.
K. swine vesicular disease
The agent for this disease is enterovirus, which is antigenically associated with coxsackievirus B5. In addition, swine viruses can also infect humans.
Orignal From: Clinical findings of Coxsackie virus
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