What is hardware?
Are these terms familiar to you? Monitors, RAM, CD drives, CPUs, graphics cards are all hardware, or more precisely computer hardware. These components make up a computer that works with the computer software to make the computer work.
In short, hardware is the tangible part of a computer, touchable parts, feelings, and so on.
hardware malfunction
As mentioned earlier, in theory, hardware and software work together to form a fully functional system. However, you rarely get a fully functional system at all times. It is almost certain that the hardware is faulty, either within the electronic circuit or the entire component itself. Sometimes, the cause of a hardware failure is not part of the system itself, but external factors such as fire, earthquakes, and lightning.
Recovering a failed hardware component is not a big problem in itself. It basically identifies and replaces the component in question. However, hardware failures are the most deadly when hardware failures affect daily work and affect critical personal or business data. This is especially true for the most important components of a computer system when storing data [hard disks].
The following is a list of common hardware failures:
- RAM failed
- Power connector
- Hard disk
- Overheated
- LCD failure
- Mother board
- USB box
Bad memory is somewhat difficult to diagnose because similar symptoms can be caused by software problems, other hardware problems, or even motherboard failures. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, the user should check for incorrect RAM before attempting any other troubleshooting.
Symptoms:
- Windows won't start showing different error messages every time.
- Windows crashes [blue screen] or freezes frequently.
- Once you try to start the program, Windows will crash.
- Unexplained random crashes and freezes without error messages.
A common weakness of any laptop is the DC power jack. If someone trips over the power adapter cable while still connected to the laptop, the power jack is likely to be severely damaged.
On most laptops, the DC power jack is soldered directly to the motherboard, and only three or four small pins hold it in place, which makes the power jack quite weak. When connected to a laptop, any lateral pull of the DC power cord typically removes at least one of these pins, thereby damaging the solder around it. Modern laptops use quite a bit of power, from about 70W to 120W or more. Poor electrical connections on the dropout pins can cause sparks and heat, which can eventually burn holes through the motherboard and can even cause a fire.
Symptoms indicate poor contact between the DC power jack and the motherboard:
- Although the power adapter must be used, the battery is not charging properly or remains half-charged.
- The screen flickers when the power cord is plugged in [the brightness is changing]. This is caused by the laptop switching between DC power [the screen is brighter] and battery power [the screen is darker].
- After a few minutes of use, the DC plug will get hot and may even burn.
- The DC jack has a "scratch" sound.
How to test a damaged power jack:
- 1. Remove the battery 2. Plug in the power cord 3. Start the laptop 4. Gently swing the DC power plug on the back of the notebook
If the laptop suddenly shuts down [power off], find the dealer to re-solder or replace the DC power jack as soon as the motherboard has begun to burn around the moving pins. The manufacturer may offer a replacement for the entire motherboard; however, the price of the new motherboard and the labor costs to install it are usually higher than the current price of the laptop, sometimes priced at more than a thousand dollars.
Replacing or re-welding the DC power jack is not an easy task. It usually takes a few hours, depending on the damage and model of the laptop. To reach the power jack, the notebook must be completely removed and the motherboard removed. Then, if the board around the removed pin is severely burned, the power outlet must be removed for soldering and the board must be repaired.
After that, you must install a different power jack that connects to the laptop's case and is wired to the motherboard because the patched board is not strong enough to support the original type of power jack that is soldered directly to the board.
hard disk
Hard disk failure is the most common computer hardware problem. Laptop hard drives are more prone to failure than desktop hard drives because the portability of laptops is stagnant compared to laptops. If the user taps the hard drive or discards the laptop a few inches while the hard drive is being accessed or powered up, the hard drive may be damaged.
Symptoms:
- The laptop starts up as usual but when Windows starts loading, it goes into a blue screen showing "UNMOUNTABLE_BOOT_VOLUME", "hal.dll is missing or corrupted" or "WINDOWSSYSTEM32CONFIGSYSTEM" [or similar] is missing or corrupted. All of these error messages indicate a file system issue. Sometimes you can solve the error by scanning the hard drive. However, more than half of the cases indicate that the hard drive is starting to get worse and may be developing bad sectors.
- The laptop starts up as usual, but Windows freezes on the original "Windows XP" screen, and while the blue bar continues to move, the user can hear the fake but click continuously. The hard disk must be replaced.
- Once the laptop is turned on, it will make a loud hum or grind sound and Windows won't load. The hard drive must also be replaced.
- A message will appear shortly after starting the laptop [usually on a black screen] "SMART test failed. Well, this explains everything. Smart is a self-test built into the hard drive.
In almost all cases, the laptop can boot from a "real-time" bootable CD and everything works fine. In rare cases, the hard disk PCB [printed circuit board] may be shorted or even burned. In this case, the laptop will not boot unless the hard drive is removed.
A good tool for checking the life of your hard drive is the hard disk checker for ADRC. It will scan for bad sectors on the hard disk and inform you if the drive is still in good usability.
overheat
Overheating occurs when sufficient airflow from outside the computer exits the enclosure through the CPU and motherboard and typically exits the enclosure through power fans and other enclosure fans.
Once the airflow is interrupted, the heat inside the enclosure increases rapidly. If such protection is built or not performed properly, it will cause the component to shut down. In the long run, overheating can cause irreversible damage to components.
It is recommended to leave the computer in a dry, cool room that is clean and dusty.
LCD failure
The most common LCD or "LCD" screen failures are inverters, cables and backlights.
Symptoms:
- The laptop seems to start normally, but the screen is black, and if the user moves it, it will open and work. Cable failure.
- The laptop seems to start up as usual, but the screen is very dark, although it will change color slightly, the user can see very hypocritical images. The drive or cable is faulty 90% / 10%.
- There is a dark pink/red tone immediately after the screen is turned on and darkens after a few seconds. The backlight failed.
- The screen flickers a few times but then dims, and if the user moves it or gently taps the sides, it will flash again. Cable or LCD failed 50% / 50%.
- The screen is black or white [no picture] and the external monitor works. Cable or LCD failed 30% / 70%.
- There are strips [vertical or horizontal] on the screen that change when the user moves the screen or taps gently on the side. Cable or LCD failed 10% / 90%.
Most motherboard-related faults are caused by "on-board" regulated power supplies and component failures in these circuits. The vehicle power circuit part failed and the subsequent components were overloaded, except for the capacitor problem that first failed.
A motherboard failure on a laptop that is out of warranty usually means it requires a new laptop. The price of the new motherboard is usually higher than the current price of the laptop.
Symptoms:
Plug in the power adapter and try to start the laptop.
- Nothing happened.
- The "ON" indicator lights up and the fan rotates, but nothing on the screen [black], you can't hear the HD working after 10-15 seconds.
- The "ON" indicator lights up and the fan rotates, but the indicator goes off after a few seconds.
- When the "ON" button is pressed, the screen goes black and you can hear the mute treble from the laptop.
Invalid or corrupt device drivers can corrupt the server and, in some cases, prevent the system from starting. Device drivers can also conflict with certain applications and cause problems with the computer system.
Due to the recent release of Windows Vista, some hardware may not be supported or fully supported by the new operating system.
In addition, system updates, driver updates can also solve your "hardware" issues.
See update and fix
In addition, it [sometimes] helps to call the relevant support services to get help on drivers for that particular piece of hardware.
Controller failure:
A controller failure can be very similar to a drive failure. However, when a drive fails, the user cannot access that particular drive; when the controller fails, the user cannot access all of the drives, devices, and any other components connected to that particular controller.
The controller failed because...
Orignal From: Diagnose and troubleshoot computer hardware
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